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Center for Flame Retardant Materials Science

Selected Publications

  1. Mukhtar, M., Klosterman, D., Benin, V., & Morgan, A. B. (2022). Synthesis of a phosphorus-based epoxy reactive flame-retardant analog to diglycidyl ether of bisphenal A (DGEBA) and its behavior as a matrix in a carbon fiber composite. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 205, 110144. 
  2. Morgan, A. B. (2022). The well-meaning but misguided rollback of fire safety in the United States. J. Fire Sci., 40, 249-253. 
  3. Morgan, A. B., & Mukhopadhyay, P. (2022). A targeted review of bio-derived plasticizers with flame retardant functionality used in PVC. J. Mater. Sci., 57, 7155-7172.
  4. Kulkarni, S., Xia, Z., Yu, S., Kiratitanavit, W., Morgan, A. B., Kumar, J., Mosurkal, R., & Nagarajan, R. (2021). Bio-based flame-retardant coatings based on synergistic combination of tannic acid and phytic acid for nylon-cotton blends. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13, 61620-61628.
  5. Hatch, J., Wardall, A., Jackson, J., McNeilly, R., Kirsh, J., Parker, A., Morgan, A. B., & Duran, C. (2021). Smolder behavior and emissions byproducts of aircraft composite coupons. Fire Safety Journal, 123.
  6. Toubia, E., Alomari, A., Morgan, A. B., & Klosterman, D. (2021) Influence of heat damage on the bolted double lap joint strength of pultruded E-glass/polyester composites. Thin Wall Structures, 163, 107764.  
  7. Morgan, A. B., Benin, V., Klosterman, D. A., Sulayman, A. Bin, Mukhtar, M., & Galaska, M. L. (2020). Organophosphorus-hydrazides as potential reactive flame retardants for epoxy. Journal of Fire Sciences, 38(1) 28-52.   
  8. Morgan, A. B., & Galaska, M. L. (2020). Flammability testing of wool/cellulosic and wool/synthetic fiber blends – vertical flame spread and heat release results. J. Fire Sci., 38.  
  9. Toubia, E. A., Sihn, S., Pitz, J., Vernon, J. P., Flores, M., & Park, S. (2020). Thermal response and edgewise compression failure of thermally degraded sandwich composite structures. Composite Structures. 
  10. Oluwabusi, O. E., & Toubia, E. A. (2020). Effect of central circular cut-out and low velocity impact damage on shear buckling and post-buckling of composite laminated plates. Composite Structures, 245, 112304. 
  11. Alomari, A., Morgan, A. B., Klosterman, D., & Toubia, E. A. (2019, September). Effect of heat damage on the double lap joint strength of pultruded e-glass/polyester composites. Proceedings of 2019 CAMX (Composites and Advanced Materials Expo), ACMA and SAMPE, Anaheim, CA.
  12. Morgan, A. B. (2019). Revisiting flexible polyurethane flammability in furniture and bedding in the United States. Fire Mater.   
  13. Morgan, A. B., Knapp, G., Stoliarov, S. I., & Levchik, S. V. (2019). Studying smoldering to flaming transition in polyurethane furniture sub-assemblies: Effects of fabrics, flame retardants, and material type. Fire Mater.  
  14. Galaska, M. L., Sqrow, L. D., Wolf, J. D., & Morgan, A. B. (2019). Flammability characteristics of animal fibers: Single breed wools, alpaca/wool, and llama/wool blends. Fibers, 7, 3-22.  
  15. Oluwabusi, O. E., & Toubia, E. (2019). In-plane shear characterization of composite GFRP-foam sandwich panels. Journal of Composites for Construction, 23(5), 04019034.
  16. Morgan, A. B. (2018). The future of flame-retardant polymers – Unmet needs and likely new approaches. Polymer Reviews.  
  17. Stoliarov, S. I., Zeller, O., Morgan, A. B., & Levchik, S. (2018). An experimental setup for observation of smoldering-to-flaming transition on flexible foam/fabric assemblies. Fire Mater, 42, 128-133.
  18. Byard, B., Wang, K., Morgan, A. B., & Benin, V. (2018). New polyether diols as flame retardants for polyurethane: Derivatives of epoxy functionalized phosphonates and phosphates. Fire Mater, 42, 3-17. 
  19. Wang, K., Morgan, A. B., & Benin, V. (2017). Preparation and studies of new phosphorus-containing diols as potential flame retardants. Fire Mater, 41, 973-982.
  20. Galaska, M. L., Horrocks, A. R. & Morgan, A. B. (2017). Flammability of natural plant and animal fibers: A heat release survey. Fire Mater, 41, 275-288.
  21. Holder, K. M., Cain, A. A., Plummer, M. G., Stevens, B. E., Odenborg, P. K., Morgan, A. B., & Grunlan, J. G. (2016). Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 301, 665-673. 
  22. “Effects of Laundering on Military Uniform Fabric Flammability” Morgan, A.B.; Yip, P. W. Fire Mater. 2016, 40, 599–611 DOI: 10.1002/fam.2313
  23. “Synthesis and flammability testing of epoxy functionalized phosphorus-based flame retardants” Benin, V.; Cui, X.; Morgan, A.B.; Seiwert, K.J. App. Polym. Sci. 2015, DOI: 10.1002/app.42296
  24. “Flame Retardants: Overview” Morgan, A.B.; Worku, A.Z. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology John Wiley & Sons, 2015. DOI: 10.1002/0471238961
  25. “Apparatus for the Vertical Orientation Cone Calorimeter Testing of Flexible Polyurethane Foams” Galaska, M. L.; Morgan, A.B.; Schenck, K. A.; Stalter, J.G. Fire Mater. 2015, 40, 158-176.
  26. “Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook” Morgan, A.B.; Wilkie, C. A. Eds. ISBN 978-1-118-68624-9, Scrivener Publishing LLC, Hoboken, NJ, 2014.
  27. Rectenwald, M.F.; Gaffen, J. R.; Rheingold, A.L.; Morgan, A.B.; Protasiewicz, J.D. “Phosphoryl-Rich Flame retardant ions (FRIONs): Toward Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries” Angewandte Chemie 2014, 53, 4173-4176.
  28. Morgan, A.B.; Toubia, E. “Cone Calorimeter and Room Corner Fire Testing of Balsa Wood Core / Phenolic Composites Skin Sandwich Panels” J. Fire Sci. 2014, 32, 327 – 344 DOI: 10.1177/0734904113514944
  29. Benin V.; Gardelle B.; Morgan A.B. “Heat Release of Polyurethanes Containing Potential Flame Retardants based on Boron and Phosphorus Chemistries” Polymer Degrad. Stab. 2014, 106, 108-121. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.004.
  30. Morgan, A.B. “Flame Retardant Design for the Future” Materials China 2013, 32, 129-136.
  31. Kuttler, A.; Durganala, S.; Fratini, A.; Morgan, A.B.; Benin, V. “Structure, Theoretical Studies and Coupling Reactions of Some New Cyclic Boronic Esters” Heteroatom Chemistry 2013, 24.
  32. Laufer, G.; Kirkland, C.; Morgan, A.B.; Grunlan, J. "Exceptionally flame retardant sulfur-based multilayer nanocoating for polyurethane prepared from aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions" ACS Macro Lett. 2013, 2, 361-365. dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz400105e
  33. Laufer, G.; Kirkland, C.; Morgan, A.B.; Grunlan, J. C. “Intumescent Mulitlayer Nanocoating, Made with Renewable Polyelectrolytes, for Flame-Retardant Cotton” Biomacromolecules 2012, 13, 2843-2848.
  34. “Fire and Polymers VI: New Advances in Flame Retardant Chemistry and Science” ACS Symposium Series # 1118, Morgan, A.B.; Wilkie, C.A.; Nelson, G.L. Eds. ISBN13: 9780841227804 DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1118
  35. Felix, T.; Junior, O.P.P.; Peres, A.; Sayer, C.; Morgan, A.B.; Araújo, P. H. H. “Comparison of Bismuth Trioxide and Antimony Trioxide as Synergists with Decabromodiphenyl Ether in Flame Retardancy of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)” J. Fire Sci. 2013, 30, 566-574.
  36. Ivan, N.; Benin, V.; Morgan, A.B. “Preparation of Phosphonoterphthalic Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Aromatic Iodoesters” Synthetic Communications 2013, 43, 1831-1836.  
  37. Benin, V.; Durganala, S.; Morgan, A.B. “Synthesis and Flame Retardant Testing of New Boronated and Phosphonated Aromatic Compounds” J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1180-1190.
  38. Li, Y-C.; Mannen, S.; Yang, Y-H.; Morgan, A.B.; Grunlan, J.C. “Anti-Flammable Intumescent Nanocoatings on Fabric” Advanced Materials 2011, 23, 3926-3931.
  39. Nakamura, R.; Netravali, A.N.; Morgan, A.B.; Nyden, M.R.; Gilman, J.W. “Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on Mechanical Properties and Flammability of Soy Protein based Green Composites” Fire and Materials 2013, 37, 75-90.
  40. Morgan, A.B.; Putthanarat, S. “Use of Inorganic Materials to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flammability Behavior of a Polyimide” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96, 23-32.
  41. McGrattan, K.; Lock, A.; Marsh, N.; Nyden, M.; Price, M.; Morgan, A.B.; Galaska, M.; Schenck, K. “Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations During Fire (CHRISTIFIRE) Phase 1: Horizontal Trays." United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC NUREG/CR-7010, Vol 1, Published July 2012
  42. Morgan, A.B.; Gilman, J.W. “An Overview of Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Application, Technology and Future Direction” Fire and Materials 2013, 37, 259-279.
  43. Morgan, A.B.; Liu, W. “Flammability of Thermoplastic Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposites” Fire Mater. 2011, 35, 43-60.
  44. Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd Edition. Eds. Wilkie, C.A.; Morgan A.B. December 2009 (2010 publishing date), Taylor and Francis. Boca Raton, FL ISBN 978-1-4200-8399-6.
  45. Higginbotham, A.; Lomeda, J.; Morgan, A.B.; Tour J.T. “Graphite Oxide Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2009, 1, 2256-2261.
  46. Hirschler, M.M.; Morgan, A.B. “Thermal Decomposition of Polymers” in Society for Fire Protection Engineering Handbook Eds. DiNenno, P. J.; Drysdale, D. D.; Beyler, C. L.; Walton, W. D.; Custer, R. L. P.; Hall, J. R.; Watts, J. M. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 2008, ISBN 978-0-87765-821-4.
  47. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES #1013, Fire and Polymers V: Materials and Concepts for Fire Retardancy. Eds. Nelson, G. .; Wilkie, C.A.; Morgan A.B. 2009, Oxford University Press / American Chemical Society, pp312-328. ISBN 978-0-8412-6988-0
  48. Morgan, A.B. “A Review of Transition Metal-Based Flame Retardants: Transition Metal Oxide/Salts, and Complexes” in ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES #1013, Fire and Polymers V: Materials and Concepts for Fire Retardancy. Eds. Nelson, G. L.; Wilkie, C.A.; Morgan A.B. 2009, Oxford University Press / American Chemical Society, pp312-328.
  49. Morgan, A.B.; Gagliardi, N.A.; Price, W.A.; Galaska, M.L. “Cone Calorimeter Testing of S2 Glass Reinforced Polymer Composites” Fire Mater. 2009, 33, 323-344.
  50. Fox, D.M.; Gilman, J.W.; Morgan, A.B.; Shields, J.; Maupin, P.H.; Lyon, R.E.; De Long, H.C.; Trulove, P.C. “Flammability and Thermal Analysis Characterization of Imadazolium-Based Ionic Liquids” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 6327-6332.
  51. Morgan, A.B.; Galaska, M.L. ”Microcombustion calorimetry as a tool for screening flame retardancy in epoxy” Polymers for Advanced Technology 2008, 19, 530-546.
  52. “The Use of Nanotechnology for Fire Safety: Current State of the Art, Possible Problems, and New Opportunities” Morgan, A.B. Nanotechnology Law and Business 2007, 4, issue 3 
  53. Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites Edited by Alexander B. Morgan and Charles A. Wilkie. Book published by John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 2007. ISBN 978-0-471-73426-0
  54. Morgan, A.B.; Bundy, M. “Cone Calorimeter Analysis of UL-94 V Rated Plastics” Fire and Materials 2007, 31, 257-283.
  55. Morgan, A.B.; Cogen, J.M.; Opperman, R.S.; Harris, J.D. “Magnesium Carbonate Based Flame Retardant Systems for Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and Poly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate).” Fire and Materials. 2007, 31, 387-410.
  56. Gilman, J.W.; Harris, R.H.; Shields, J.R.; Kashiwagi, T.; Morgan, A.B. “A study of the flammability reduction mechanism of polystyrene-layered silicate nanocomposite: layered silicate reinforced carbonaceous char” Polym. Adv. Technol. 2006, 17, 263-271.
  57. Morgan, A.B. “Flame Retarded Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Review Of Commercial and Open Literature Systems. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2006, 17, 206-217.
  58. Morgan, A. B., Chu, L-L., & Harris, J. D. (2005). A flammability performance comparison between synthetic and natural clays in polystyrene nanocomposites Fire Mater., 29, 213-229.
  59. Chu, L. L., Anderson, S. K., Harris, J. D., Beach, M. W., & Morgan, A.B. (2004). Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polymer, 45, 4051-4061.
  60. Gilman, J. W., Bourbigot, S., Shields, J. R.,  Nyden, M., Kashiwagi, T., Davis, R. D., VanderHart, D. L., Demory, W., Wilkie, C. A., Morgan, A. B., Harris, J., & Lyon, R. E. (2003). High throughput methods for polymer nanocomposites research: Extrusion, NMR characterization and flammability property screening. Journal of Materials Science, 38, 4451-4460.
  61. Kashiwagi, T., Morgan, A. B., Antonucci, J. M., VanLandingham, M. R., Harris, R. H., Awad, W. H., & Shields, J. R. (2003). Thermal and flammability properties of a silica-poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite. J. App. Polym. Sci., 89, 2072-2078.
  62. Morgan, A. B., & Harris, J. D. (2003). Effects of organoclay Soxhlet extraction on mechanical properties, flammability properties and organoclay dispersion of polypropylene nanocomposites. Polymer, 44, 2313-2320.
  63. Morgan, A. B., Harris, R. H., Kashiwagi, T., Chyall, L. J., & Gilman, J. W. (2002). Flammability of polystyrene layered silicate (clay). Nanocomposites: Carbonaceous char formation. Fire and Materials, 26, 247-253.
  64. Yao, H., Zhu, J., Morgan, A. B., & Wilkie, C.A. (2002). Crown ether-modified clays and their polystyrene nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 42, 1808.
  65. Zanetti, M., Camino, G., Canavese, D., Morgan, A. B., Lamelas, F. J., & Wilkie, C. A. (2002). Fire retardant halogen-antimony-clay synergism in polypropylene layered silicate nanocomposites. Chem. Mater., 14, 189.
  66. Zhu, J., Morgan, A. B., Lamelas, F. J., & Wilkie, C. A. (2001). Fire properties of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites. Chem. Mater., 13, 3774.
  67. Gilman, J. W., Jackson, C. L., Morgan, A. B., Harris, R. H., Manias, E., Giannelis, E. P., Wuthenow, M., Hilton, D., & Phillips, S. (2000). Flammability properties of polymer layered-silicate nanocomposites. Polypropylene and Polystyrene Nanocomposites, Chem. Mater. 12, 1866.
  68. Morgan, A. B., Jurs, J. L., & Tour, J. M. (2000). Boronic acids: Polymer flame retardant additives. J. App. Polym. Sci., 76, 1257.
  69. Morgan, A. B., & Tour, J. M. (1999). Synthesis and testing of non-halogenated Alkyne/phosphorus-containing polymer additives: Potent condensed phase flame retardants. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 73, 707-718.
  70. Morgan, A. B., & Tour, J. M. (1998). Synthesis and testing of nonhalogenated Alkyne-containing flame retarding polymer additives. Macromolecules, 31, 2857.
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Center for Flame Retardant Materials Science, Alex Morgan, Director

Daniel J. Curran Place
1700 S. Patterson Blvd.
Dayton, Ohio 45409 - 2140
937-229-3079
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