Chronological Table of Marian Events
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Chronological Table of Marian Events
– Compiled By: Sister Isabell Naumann and Richard Lenar
1st Century | 2nd Century | 3rd Century | 4th Century | 5th Century
6th Century | 7th Century | 8th Century | 9th Century | 10th Century
11th Century | 12th Century | 13th Century | 14th Century | 15th Century
16th Century | 17th Century | 18th Century | 19th Century | 20th Century
1st Century
40 January 2nd—Apparition of Mary to Apostle James the Greater in Zaragoza, Spain. She appears on a pillar. All About Mary: Our Lady of Pilar
54-57 First allusion to Mary in Paul’s Letter to the Galatians (4:4)
60-70 Mary mentioned twice in Mark’s Gospel
75-106 Matthew and Luke's Gospels [first and second chapters], Luke Acts (1:14) and John’s Gospel (2:3-12; 6:42; 19:25-27) show Mary’s presence in the life of Jesus and the early Christian Community
90-100 Mary and the Church are both symbolized in the image of the woman in the Book of Revelation (chapter 12)
2nd Century
100-200 Inscription under St. Peter's Basilica in Rome depicts Mary as Protectrix for the departed and their Advocate.
110-115 In his letters, Ignatius of Antioch makes five references to Mary as Virgin and Mother. (To the Ephesians: 7.2, PG 5, c 757; 18.2, PG 5, c 752; 19.1, PG 5, c 753; Trallians 9.1-2, PG 5, c 788-89; Smyrnaeans 1.1, PG 5, c 840-41)
120 Odes of Solomon mentions the Virgin who gives birth (Ode XIX).
145 Aristides of Athens cites Mary in a creedal formula (Apology 2, 4). http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/aristides-kay.html
150-165 Justin Martyr in the Dialogue with Trypho (PG 6, c 709-12 100) brings the comparison between Eve and Mary (Eve-Mary Parallel). "For Eve, who was a virgin and undefiled, having conceived the word of the serpent, brought forth disobedience and death. But the Virgin Mary received faith and joy, when the angel Gabriel announced the good tidings to her that the Spirit of the Lord would come upon her, and the power of the Highest would overshadow her: wherefore also the Holy Thing begotten of her is the Son of God; and she replied, 'Be it unto me according to your word.' (Luke 1:38) And by her has He been born, to whom we have proved so many Scriptures refer, and by whom God destroys both the serpent and those angels and men who are like him; but works deliverance from death to those who repent of their wickedness and believe upon Him." (http://newadvent.org/fathers/01287.htm)
150-155 Composition of the Protoevangelium of James (also known as the “Gospel of Mary”). This Christian apocryphal text contains details about devotion to, Mary and is the source of the names of Mary’s parents and traditions regarding her childhood and early life.
150-200 Inscription of Abercius, Bishop of Hieropolis, alludes to Mary's virginity, holiness, and relationship to the Holy Eucharist. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/abercius.html
150-202 Irenaeus of Lyons points to Mary’s role in the economy of salvation. Mary is causa salutis (Adv. haer. 3, 22; PG 7, c 959-60) and advocata Evae (Adv. haer. 3, 22; PG 7, c 1175 76) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08130b.htm
155-202 Tertullian affirmed that Mary conceived Christ as a Virgin (De carne Christi 21, 5; PL 2, c 833-34) and stressed the Eve-Mary parallel (De carne Christi 17, 5; PL 2, c 828).
162 The Sibylline Oracles speak admiringly of Mary (VIII, 609-28). http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/sib/
Late 2nd Century Early representations of Mary in the catacombs
Late 2nd Century Clement of Alexandria calls Mary the Mother of the Lord (Stromata 6, 15; PG 9, c 349) and is a witness to the Church's faith in Mary's perpetual virginity (Stromata 7, 16; PG 9, c 529-30). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04045a.htm
3rd Century
200 The North African Church Father, Tertullian, affirms that proper belief about Mary is necessary to affirm the humanity of Christ. (De carne Christi 20, 1; c 830-31)
200-250 Origen is probably the first Church Father to explain the meaning of the title Theotokos (History of the Church 7, 32; PG 67, c 812) and defends the perpetual virginity of Mary (Commentary on John 1, 4; PG 14, c 32; Homilies on Luke 6, 3-4; PG 13, 1814-15). All About Mary: Dogmas, Marian; Theotokos, Meaning of
200-350 Composition of the prayer Sub tuum praesidium–the oldest Marian prayer. All About Mary: Sub Tuum Praisidium Prayer
220 Founding of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome by Pope Callixtus I (217-222)
235 Death of Hippolytus of Rome, who alluded to the Blessed Virgin Mary, mainly in the context of the Incarnation (Christ and Antichrist 4; PG 10 c 732). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07360c.htm
250 St. Cyprian of Carthage indirectly extols Mary's virginity (Is. 7:14; Gen. 3:15) (CSEL 3:1, 73f)
4th Century
306-373 Ephrem the Syrian known for his poetic writings about Mary; implores Mary’s power of mediation (Oratio ad Deiparam; EnchMar 341)
http://catholicism.about.com/od/tothevirginmary/qt/Praise_BVM.htm
318-322 Emperor Constantine publicly honors Mary through the construction of a basilica on Vatican Hill whose façade includes a mosaic exalting Mary, Jesus and Peter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm
325-403 Epiphanius of Salamis is the first known writer who interprets the Woman of the Apocalypse (Revelation Chapter 12) as Mary (PG 42, c 716), and he is also the first to consider the question of the end of Mary’s earthly existence (PG 41, c 777); He refutes Marian heresies (PG 42, c 700-56). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13393b.htm; All About Mary: Revelation, Mary in the Book of; All About Mary: Death of Mary
328-373 Athanasius’ term as bishop of Alexandria, when he bestowed upon Mary the title: Theotokos, and pointed out that Mary’s virginal conception of Jesus is proof of Jesus’ divinity (PG 25, c 109).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02035a.htm
330-379 St. Basil of Caesarea refers to Mary’s womb as a ‘workshop’ (In Sanctam Christi Generationem; PG 31, c 1464 A) and affirmed her marriage to Joseph (In Sanctam Christi Generationem; PG 31, c 1464 A-C.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330b.htm
330-389 St. Gregory Nazianzen held that Mary’s divine motherhood is key to the Church’s doctrine about the Incarnate Word and mystery of human salvation (Sectio II. Poemata Quae Spectant Ad Alios; PG 37, c 1565 D-1566 A). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07010b.htm
339-397 Ambrose of Milan speaks of Mary as type of the Church: Expositio in Lucam 2, 7: PL 15, c 1555), 410. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm
342-419 St. Jerome, in On the Perpetual Virginity of Mary against Helvidius, defends the Perpetual Virginity of Mary using scripture, affirms her great holiness and develops Marian typology in the Old Testament (De perpetua virginitate Mariae adversus Helvidium: PL 23 c 183-206). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm; All About Mary:Dogmas, Marian
344-407 St. John Chrysostom emphasizes transcendence of the mystery of the Son of God the Father by becoming incarnate in the womb of Mary (In Matthaeum, Homilia 4, 3: PG 57 c 43). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452b.htm
348-387 St. Cyril of Jerusalem, during his term as bishop, wrote that Mary re-established women’s equality with men (Catechesis 12, 29; PG 33, c 761 B-C); he inaugurates the Byzantine homiletic technique of teaching Marian truths by means of praises addressed to the Blessed Virgin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592b.htm
350 Early recorded invocation of Mary by St. Justina (Gregory Nazianzen Oratio 24; PG 35, c 1181).
350-390 St. Gregory of Nyssa composes and distributes a Marian prayer that is a precursor of the Hail Mary; also chronicles first recorded Marian apparition to St. Gregory the Wonderworker (PG 46, c 912). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07016a.htm
350-400 Bishop Severian of Gabala officially and publicly solicits prayers to Mary (Oratio 6, 10 In Mundi Creatione; PG 56, c 497).
352 Legend of Our Lady of the Snows during the pontificate of Liberius (352-366). All About Mary: Our Lady of the Snows
352-366 Founding of Saint Mary Major under Pope Liberius I
368 Death of St. Hilary of Poitiers, who extolled human-divine motherhood and perpetual virginity of Mary; associates Mary with Christ in the messianic prophecies (In Matthaeum 1, 2-4; PL 9, c 920-922). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07349b.htm
370 Earliest liturgy of Mary composed in Syria; St. Ambrose of Milan speaks of Mary as a model of women and virginal life (De virginibus 2, 6-16; PL, 220-22) and a type of the Church (Expositio in Lucam 2, 7; PL 15, c 1635-1636). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm
380-450 Life of St. Peter Chrysologus, who defended Mary’s virginity (Sermo 143, 7; PL 52, 584; Sermo 117, 3; PL 52, 521), spoke of Joseph’s unique role (Sermo 145, 1; PL 52, 588-89), and wrote homilies about the Annunciation, Incarnation and Christmas. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11762c.htm
392 Pope St. Siricius, in a letter to Bishop Anysius, defends the perpetual virginity of Mary (Letter 9 to Anysius against Bonosus 3-4; PL 13 c 1177-1178). All About Mary: Marian Teachings, Pre-Early Modern Period
394 Augustine of Hippo speaks of Mary as most excellent member and type of the Church (De Verbis Evangelli Matth, Sermo 25, 7; PL 46, c 938); proclaims Mary free from original sin (De natura et gratia 36, 42; PL 44, 267) and exalts her status as Virgin and Mother (De sancta virginitate 6, PL 40 c 399)
394 Death of Gregory of Nyssa, who insisted on the reality of Mary’s motherhood (Against Apollinaris 6, PG 45, c 1136 C-D) and drew an analogy between Moses seeing the burning bush without being consumed and Mary’s virginity (On the Birth of Christ, PG 46, c1133 D-1136 B)
5th Century
400 Santa Maria Antiqua Church founded in Rome in the Forum. The church contains the earliest Roman depiction of Santa Maria Regina.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_Antiqua
400 Earliest copy of the Transitus of Mary is written.
Early 5th Century Church of Mary in Ephesus is probably one of the earliest local Marian churches.
http://www.ephesus.us/ephesus/the_double_churches.htm
400-500 Temple of Isis at Soissons, France dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary,
400-500 Feast of the Annunciation celebrated in Byzantium,
400-500 Introduction of the Feast of the Commemoration of the Virgin Mary throughout Europe
400-500 Feast of the Hypapante (encounter between Christ and Simeon) celebrated.
431 Council of Ephesus proclaims Mary as Theotokos
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm
All About Mary: Theotokos, Meaning of
432 Dedication of the enlarged and restored Church of Saint Mary Major/Rome by Pope Sixtus III
440-461 Introduction of Marian reference in the Eucharistic prayer of the Leonine Sacramentary, ("In communion with and venerating in the first place the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, Mother of God. ...")
440-461 Pontificate of Pope Leo the Great, who applied Old Testament text to Mary (Sermo 22, 1; PL 54, 194; Sermo 24, 1; PL 54, 204) and develops concept of Mary as a type of the Church
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm
ca. 445 Icons attributed to St. Luke, eventually known as the Hodegetria, begin to appear
All About Mary: Contemporary Spirituality (see full text, page 50 of pdf "D. A 'Triplex Via Mariana'")
ca. 446 Death of Theodotus of Ancyra, who proposed that Mary’s marriage to St. Joseph protected Mary’s virginity (In Die Nativitatis Domini, Homily 5, 3; PG 77, c 1414 B)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14579a.htm
451 Pope Leo the Great in his Tomus ad Flavianum uses the reality of Mary’s motherhood of Christ to guarantee the authenticity of Christ’s human nature and to distinguish the two natures of Christ. (Epistola 28; PL 54 c 755-782)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm
451 Empress Pulcheria of Byzantium begins a collection of relics of Mary
473 Preservation of Mary’s holy head dress, the Maforion, in the Church of the Blachernae (Byzantine and Armenian rites) celebrated as a feast.
http://forosdelavirgen.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/maphorion.jpg
http://www.byzantium1200.com/blachernae.html
6th Century
500-600 Parthenon (temple of Athena) in Athens dedicated to Mary
500-600 Dedication of Saint Mary Antiqua in Rome
500-600 Tradition of Mary with Child Jesus established in iconography.
All About Mary: Icons
520-556 Syrian poet St. Romanos the Melodist composes our greatly used Marian hymns
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13154a.htm
530-600 Life of Venantius Fortunatus, through song, elevates Mary about all great women of the Old Testament (Carmina miscellanea 2, 2; PL 88, 88)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06149a.htm
534 Pope John II, in his letter to the Senate of Constantinople, declares that Mary is “truly the Mother of God”
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08421b.htm
538-594 Life of Gregory of Tours, who collected written accounts of miracles associated with Mary’s intercession (Libri Miraculorum PL 71) and wrote about the mystery of Mary’s Assumption into heaven (Libri Miraculorum 1, De Gloria beatorum martyrum 4; PL 71, c 708)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07018b.htm
540-604 Life of St. Gregory the Great, who identifies Mary with Isaiah 2:2 (In I Regnum 1, 5; PL 79, c 25), affirmed her superiority above all men and angels (Moralia 33, 8; PL 76, c 671)and spoke of a Marian apparition as a fact (Dialogi 4, 18; PL 77, c 348-49)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06780a.htm
543 Dedication of church to Saint Mary in Jerusalem
550 Celebration of the Feasts of the Birth of Mary, the Presentation of Jesus, and the Dormition in Byzantium
550 Greek philosopher Oecumenius gives first completely Marian interpretation of Revelation 12
550-600 Theoteknos, Bishop of Livias, gives earliest affirmation of belief in the bodily assumption of Mary (Encomium 9; see Wenger 276)
553 Second Council of Constantinople reiterates dogma of Mary’s Divine Motherhood and mentions Mary’s perpetual virginity (Can. 6; DS 218)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308b.htm
590-604 Pope Gregory the Great writes about important aspects of Marian devotion and describes theological principles which make Marian devotion legitimate. (Epist 9, 52; PL 77, 990-91)
7th Century
600 Introduction of the Akathistos Hymn in the East. The Akathist par excellance was written in the sixth century to the Theotokos. In its use as part of the service of the Salutations to the Theotokos (used in the Byzantine tradition during Great Lent), it is often known by its Greek or Arabic names, Chairetismoi (Rejoicings) and Madayeh, respectively. In the Slavic tradition it is known as Akafist.
600-636 St. Isidore of Seville writes knowingly about Mary and calls her “sanctuary of the Holy Spirit” (De ortu et obitu Patrum III; PL 83, c 148 C)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08186a.htm
610 Byzantine Emperor Heraclitus places the image of Mary on the masts of the ships of his fleet
649 Council of the Lateran declares the perpetual virginity of Mary (Can. 3; DS 256)
ca. 650 Mary is mentioned in the Quran. (Surah 3, ayah 47 supports Mary's virginity. See also surah 66, ayah 12; it dedicates a surah 19 to Mary under the name Maryam)
650 Celebration of the Annunciation (March 25) and the Assumption (August 15) in Rome
650 Celebration of the Feast of the Purification (February 2)
675-700 Celebration of the Feast of the Birth of Mary
680-681 The Third Council of Constantinople reaffirms Mary's Divine Motherhood (DS 290)
8th Century
700-800 Possible composition of the Ave Maris Stella.
All About Mary: Star of the Sea
http://www.preces-latinae.org/thesaurus/BVM/AveMarisStella.html
700-733 St. Germanus I of Constantinople proposes that we do "not need any other mediator in God's presence" (Homily on the Cincture, PG 98, c 380 B)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06484a.htm
700-740 St. Andrew of Crete invokes Mary as “Help of Christians” (Homily 4 on Mary's Nativity, PG 97, c 880 C)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01473b.htm
All About Mary: Help of Christians
700-749 St. John Damascene gives clearest teaching on the Immaculate Conception up to his day Homily on the Nativity 2; PG 96, c 664 A). He produces a synthesis of Marian teaching for the Eastern Church (Treatise on the Orthodox Faith); these writings are the basis for later Marian theological work during the Middle Ages. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08459b.htm
http://www.catholictradition.org/Mary/mary19-2.htm
705-707 Pope John VII earns the title “Servant of the Mother of God”
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08423b.htm
750 The Legend of Theophilus is translated into Latin. Theophilus was an archdeacon in Cilicia who sold his soul to the Devil. He repented and asked Our Lady to rescue him from his pact. http://traditioninaction.org/religious/h007rp.Theophilus.html
787 The Second Council of Nicaea defines regulations for the veneration rendered to images of Mary (DS 302)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11045a.htm
9th Century
800 Originally part of the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew; the Gospel of Mary’s Nativity makes its appearance as independent work.
800-900 Feast of the Conception of St. Ann was instituted at Byzantium
ca. 802 Alcuin composes Masses in honour of Our Lady on Saturday and for other weekdays, which become part of the Missal in 875.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01276a.htm
804 The Marian cathedral (Marienmünster) in Aachen, built by Charlemagne, is dedicated by Pope Leo III.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marienm%C3%BCnster
845-869 St. Paschasius Radbert upholds the Virgin Birth (De partu Virginis 1; PL 120, c 1373 D-1374 A; see also Ibid., 2; PL 129, c 1385 A), the Assumption of Mary’s soul (Cogitis me; PL 30, c 123), and a form of Mary’s Immaculate Conception (De partu Virginis 1, PL 120 1372 A)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11518a.htm
ca. 851 The Story of the Birth of Mary is composed and is attributed to St. Paschasius Radbert
867-870 Dedication of the Saturdays to Mary (see Missale Romanum)
867-870 Fourth Council of Constantinople renews approval of the “cult images rendered to Mary” (DS 337)
876 Charles the Bold obtains what is believed to be the dress of Mary
10th Century
c. 900 The Protecting Veil, apparition of Mary in Constantinople.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protection_of_the_Mother_of_God
900-1000 Gregory V (996-998) composes the antiphon, Regina Coeli.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06790a.htm; All About Mary: Antiphons
900-1000 Introduction of The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary by the Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg in the Cathedral of Verdun
900-1000 Translation of the Transitus Mariae' stories from Greek into Latin.
900-1000 The Liber Transitus Mariae originated in the 4th-5th centuries contains a legend about Mary's death and assumption to heaven.
945 Title “Mother of Mercy” spreads throughout the West after being mentioned in the Life of Odo by John of Salerno
963 St. Athanasius the Athonite establishes a monastery dedicated to the Mother of God on Mt. Athos peninsula in Greece; icon of Our Lady of Iveron transported to Mt. Athos monastery
975 Dedication of the Saturdays to Mary
975 Foundation Montserrat Abbey in Spain, which becomes a shrine with a Black Madonna
http://www.abadiamontserrat.net/(S(q2tjoafdksfn2rkfkkk2tlkr))/Espiritualitat/Angles/monestir.aspx?newsid=10
988 According to one account, the Icon known as Our Lady of Czestochowa was brought from Constantinople to Kiev
https://catholicsouthernfront.wordpress.com/chapter-943-russian-icons/
11th Century
1000-1100 Introduction of Feast of Mary's Compassion,
1000-1100 Composition of Hail Holy Queen,
1000-1100 Start of the building of Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres/France
http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/-English-
ca. 1028 St. Anthony of Kiev establishes a monastery dedicated to Mary’s Assumption
1050-1150 Composition of the antiphons, Alma Redemptoris Mater and Salve Regina attributed to Hermann the Lame
All About Mary: Antiphons
1050-1150 Building of the church of Our Lady of Walsingham/ England
http://www.marypages.com/Walsingham.htm
1050-1072 St. Peter Damian establishes a connection between Mary and the Eucharist (Sermo 45; PL 144, 743 C) and also promotes the Little Office
1050-1093 Composition of three famous Marian prayers by St. Anselm of Canterbury (Oratio 50, Oratio 51, Oratio 52; PL 158, 948-959)
1080-1124 Eadmer of Canterbury composes The Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Tractatus de conceptio sactae Mariae; PL 159, c 301-318. See Gambero 118 footnote 2), which at the time, was the best exposition of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception
12th Century
1100 Flourishing of devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, especially by St. Anselm, Eadmer, St. Bernard, and Hugh of St. Victor, among others
ca. 1100 Berengaud, bishop of Treves, is the first writer to use the title, Mother of the Church (Mater Ecclesiae)
All About Mary: Mother of the Church
1100-1200 Early versions of the Litany of the Virgin Mary; the first part of the Hail Mary, and the Rosary
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07110b.htm
All About Mary: Rosary Origins
1100-1200 Spread of the Life of Mary to the West
1100-1135 Rupert of Deutz gives Marian interpretation of the Song of Songs (In Canticum Canticorum 1, 1; PL 168, 839-40) and speaks of Mary’s spiritual motherhood (In Joannem 13; PL 169, 789 D)
1100-1150 First appearance of the Hail Mary
1100-1150 Marian mosaic placed in Cathedral of Torcello, Italy
1100-1153 Anselm of Canterbury and Bernard of Clairvaux highlight Mary's role in redemption in addition to her role in the incarnation
All About Mary: Anselm of Canterbury
All About Mary: Channel and Fountain Symbolism
1151 Establishment of Santa Maria de Alcobaça Monastery in Portugal
1154 Founding of Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Palestine
1163-1235 Building of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France
http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/-English-
1179 Establishment of shrine of Our Lady of Nazare in Portugal
1194-1220/60 Rebuilding and dedication of the Cathedral in Chartres/France
http://www.cathedrale-chartres.org/en/,143.html
13th Century
1200 Development in Franciscan spirituality of devotion to the Seven Delights or Joys of Mary
1200 Origin of various devotions to the joys of Mary as well as contemplations on the sorrows of Mary
All About Mary: Seven Sorrows, Seven Joys
The Mary Page Archive; The Mary Page Archive
1216 St. Francis of Assisi has a vision of the Virgin Mary and establishes the Order of the Franciscans at the site of the chapel of Porziuncola.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06221a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12286a.htm
1220 Dedication of a church at Mt. Carmel to Our Lady
1225-1250 Stephen of Sawley develops meditations on the fifteen joys of Mary All About Mary: Stephen of Sawley: Mary's Joys
1230-1280 Albert the Great uses the title "Mother of the Church"
All About Mary: Mother of the Church
1250-1274 Bonaventure introduces the word hyperdulia for the type of veneration given to Mary; Attributed also to Thomas Aquinas (Gambeio 213)
All About Mary: Adoration of Mary
1251 St. Simon Stock receives the Scapular from Mary
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13800a.htm
All About Mary: Our Lady of Mount Carmel Scapular
1260-1306 Composition of the Stabat Mater by Jacopone da Todi
All About Mary: Stabat Mater Poetry
All About Mary: Stabat Mater, Origins
All About Mary: Popes on the Rosary (see Urban IV)
ca. 1265 First records of the Angelus prayer; in 1269 St. Bonaventure recommends the saying of three Hail Marys with the evening bell. (Chronicorum 24 Generalium; Analecta Franciscana III, 329)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelus
1265-1308 Duns Scotus is the first to set forth sound arguments for Mary's Immaculate Conception
All About Mary: John Duns Scotus on the Immaculate Conception
1270 Icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa brought to city of Lviv
1294 Beginning of pilgrimages to Loreto to venerate Holy House of Loreto and Our Lady of Loreto
14th Century
1300-1400 Institution of the Feast of Mary's Presentation
All About Mary: Presentation of Mary
1315 Church of St. Mary of Loreto mentioned for the first time in acts of penal process held at Macerata (Marche, Italy)
1318 Pope John XXII approved custom of reciting Hail Mary at the curfew hour
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08431a.htm
1326 Founding of Oriel College/Oxford and its dedication to Mary
1327 Pope John XXII wrote that the evening bell of the three Hail Marys be rung in Rome
1372 Institution of the Feast of Mary’s Purification in the West
http://www.salvemariaregina.info/SalveMariaRegina/SMR-155/Purification.htm
1375 Pope Gregory XI grants first indulgences to the Church of Loreto
1377 Pope Gregory XI fosters Marian devotion by requiring the Curia to participate in the celebration of the Feast of the Presentation of Blessed Virgin Mary. [Source: Marienlexikon, Vol. 3, p. 16]
All About Mary: Marian Teachings: Pre-Early Modern Period
All About Mary: Presentation of Mary
1379 Founding of Saint Mary's College/Oxford and its dedication
1382 Icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa removed from Lviv by Prince Ladislaus of Opole
1384 Icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa housed in chapel at Jasna Gora
1385 Portuguese success at Battle of Aljubarrota attributed to intercession of Blessed Virgin Mary
1387 Monastery of St. Mary of Victory built to honor Mary because of her intercession at Battle of Aljubarrota
1395 Grand Prince Vasili of Moscow orders icon of Our Lady of Vladimir be brought to Moscow; icon credited with protecting Moscow from invasion by Tamerlane
1390 In the Bull Superni benignitas, Pope Boniface IX institutes the Feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (BR04, 602-604)
All About Mary: Marian Teachings: Pre-Early Modern Period
All About Mary: Feast of the Visitation
15th Century
1400 “Litany of Loreto” formed
All About Mary: Litany of Loreto in Context
1400 Special grace of the Virgin Mary received by the Carmelites and reported by John Grossi’s Viridarium
1400-1500 Composition of the Memorare
All About Mary: Memorare Prayer
1410 Introduction of the Rosary of Dominic the Carthusian
1410 Polish forces defeat the Teutonic Knights as they sing Poland’s oldest hymn “Bogurodzica Dziewica” (“God’s Virgin Mother”)
1420-1447 St. Colette of Corbie reveals her visions of Mary
All About Mary: Holy Kindred
1423 Institution of the Feast of the Sorrows of Mary
All About Mary: Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows
1430 Icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa damaged during robbery of shrine at Czestochowa
1435 Alain of Roche creates the “New Psalter of the Virgin” (the Rosary) in which 15 mysteries of Mary are enumerated
All About Mary: Rosary Origins
1438-1445 Council of Florence professes that the Son of God became man through Mary (DS 709)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06111a.htm
1439 Council of Basel defines doctrine of Immaculate Conception (DS 734)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02334b.htm
1440 Founding of Eton College which is dedicated to Mary
1444 St. Bernardine of Siena and his followers preach devotion of the Seven Delights of Mary through the garland of delights, or Chaplet of 72 Hail Marys
All About Mary: Seven Joys of Mary
1453 Hodegetria Icon disappears and is presumed destroyed after the fall of Constantinople
1456 Last practice of the Angelus solidified with the promulgation by Pope Callixtus III of praying three Hail Marys at midday
1457 Printing of the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1464 Alain of Roche, at Douai, begins preaching the “New Psalter of the Virgin;” Alain is credited with the structuring of the three groups of the Mysteries of the Rosary into Joyful, Sorrowful and Glorious
1470 Dominican Alan Rupe writes on The Unity of Mary’s Psalter
1470-1471 Martin Schongauer makes engravings on the Life of Mary
1475 Founding of the first Confraternity of the Rosary in Cologne, Germany
All About Mary: Dominicans
1492 The Salve Regina is the first Christian prayer recited in the New World, as it was offered by Columbus and his men on San Salvador
1495 Approval of the Rosary by Pope Alexander VI
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm
1496-1501 Michelangelo completes the Pietà
All About Mary: Images of the Madonna (see 1500s)
16th Century
1507 Catholic Church approves pilgrimages to the shrine of Loreto
1517-1648 Protestant Reformation through which Marian devotion and knowledge gradually faded in Protestantism
1518 Titian paints his Assumption at Frari, Venice, Italy
1531 Apparition of the Blessed Virgin to Juan Diego at Guadalupe, Mexico
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/guadalupe/index.html
1538 Destruction of the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham
1558 Publication of the Litany of Loreto
All About Mary: Litany of Loreto in Context
1547-1563 Council of Trent affirms Mary's immunity from every actual personal fault (DS 993) and reaffirms the regulations regarding the veneration of Marian images (DS 986)
http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/trentall.html
This same holy Synod doth nevertheless declare, that it is not its intention to include in this decree, where original sin is treated of, the blessed and immaculate Virgin Mary, the mother of God; but that the constitutions of Pope Sixtus IV., of happy memory, are to be observed, under the pains contained in the said constitutions, which it renews. (Fifth Session, Decree on Original Sin) (DS 792)
Moreover, that the images of Christ, of the Virgin Mother of God, and of the other saints, are to be had and retained particularly in temples, and that due honor and veneration are to be given them; not that any divinity, or virtue, is believed to be in them, on account of which they are to be worshipped; or that anything is to be asked of them; or, that trust is to be reposed in images, as was of old done by the Gentiles who placed their hope in idols; but because the honor which is shown them is referred to the prototypes which those images represent; in such wise that by the images which we kiss, and before which we uncover the head, and prostrate ourselves, we adore Christ; and we venerate the saints, whose similitude they bear: as, by the decrees of Councils, and especially of the second Synod of Nicaea, has been defined against the opponents of images. (Twenty-fifth Session, on the Invocation, Veneration, and Relics, of Saints, and on Sacred Images) (DS 986)
1555 Pope Paul IV, in the Constitution Cum Quorumdam Hominum, affirms Mary’s virginity before, during and after Christ’s birth
1563 Founding of the Marian Sodality
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14120a.htm
1563 Council of Trent reaffirms liceity of the cult of the images of Mary
1563 Hail Mary introduced into the Divine Office
1563 Appearance of Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Teresa of Jesus, who began the Discalced Carmelites with a living awareness of Mary in the Carmelite spirit
http://helpfellowship.org/Articles%20of%20INterest/st_teresa%20and%20mary.htm
1567 Pope St. Pius V affirms Mary’s sinlessness (Papal bull Super Speculum)
1569-1679 Construction of the church Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/assisi-santa-maria-degli-angeli
1571 Intervention of Mary credited with Christian victory over Islamic conquest at Gulf of Lepanto. The victory at the Battle of Lepanto is attributed by Pius the V to the recitation of the Rosary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09181b.htm
1571 Pope Pius V honors Mary with title Our Lady of Victory
1572 Pius V adds the invocation Mary, Help of Christians to the Marian Litany. and introduces the Feast of Our Lady of Victory.
All About Mary: Help of Christians
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All About Mary: Our Lady of Victory
1573 Gregory XII Changes the Feast of Our Lady of Victory to the Feast of the Holy Rosary.
All About Mary: Our Lady of Victory
1577 St. Peter Canisius writes De Maria Virgine Incomparabili
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11756c.htm
1578 Apparition at Lezajsk/Poland
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/lejask/index.html
1586 Holy House of Holy Family in Loreto, Italy, raised to a city and granted cathedral status by Pope Sixtus V
1587 Litany of Loreto approved by Pope Sixtus V
All About Mary: Litany of Loreto in Context
1550-1617 Francis Suarez establishes first systematic Mariology with his Opera Omnia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14319a.htm
1594 Apparition at Quito, Ecuador
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/quito/index.html
17th Century
1601 Litany of Loreto (Litany of the Blessed Virgin) prescribed for the Universal Church by Pope Clement VIII
All About Mary:Litany of Loreto in Context
ca. 17th Century The French School of Sprituality (Bérulle, Condren, Olier, John Eudes, also John-Baptist de la Salle, Grignion de Montfort) brings about a renewal of Marian devotion: Mary at the heart of the Christian mystery; the first and most perfect Christian
http://www.ewtn.com/library/montfort/Handbook/Frenchs.htm
1608 Russian monks invoke protection of Mary in defense of Trinity Monastery of St. Sergius in Moscow
1608-1612 Aparaition at Siluva/Lithuania
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/siluva/index.html
1610 La Conquistadora (also known as Our Lady of Conquering Love) brought to Santa Fe, New Mexico by Spanish Conquistadores
1627 Beginning of records of large-scale pilgrimages to the Black Madonna of Czestochowa
1643-1669 Devotion to the “Heart of Mary” promoted by St. John Eudes
All About Mary: Immaculate Heart of Mary Devotion
1644 Establishment of the Feast of the Most Pure Heart of Mary
All About Mary: Liturgical History of Marian Feasts
1648 Establishment of Feast of Our Lady of Iveron after daughter of Russian Tsar Alexis cured from illness upon arrival of copy of Icon of Our Lady of Iveron to Moscow.
1652 Apparition at Querrien, Brittany,/France
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/querrien/index.html
1655 Our Lady of Czestochowa invoked by Polish monks during invasion by Sweden; victory at monastery results, and Swedish occupation driven from country
1656 Poland’s King Jan Kazimierz gives Mary title “Queen of Poland” after victory over Sweden
All About Mary: Pope John Paul II and Poland's Marian Tradition
1664-1718 Apparitions at Laus/France
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/laus/index.html
1673 Founding of the Marians (Congregation of Marians of the Immaculate Conception) by the Venerable Servant of God Stanislaus Papczynski
http://padrimariani.org/en/index.php
1675 St. Margaret Mary Alacoque has vision of Jesus revealing His Sacred Heart ablaze with love and calling for return of love from all of humanity
http://www.piercedhearts.org/theology_heart/life_saints/a_st_margaret_mary.htm
1676 Fr. Colombière spreads St. Margaret Mary Alacoque’s devotion to the Sacred Heart to Great Britain
1680 St. John Eudes composes The Admirable Heart of Mary, the first full-length book on the Heart of Mary
http://www.liberius.net/livres/The_admirable_Heart_of_Mary_000000374.pdf
1683 Feast of the Holy Name of Mary extended to the Universal Church
All About Mary: Name of Mary Feast: September 12
1683 King Jan III Sobieski invokes intercession of Mary as Turks besiege Vienna; Polish forces victorious
1690 Pope Alexander VIII upholds Mary’s perfect sinlessness (Decree of the Holy Office, Dec. 7, 1690. Error of the Jansenists (DS 1314))
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295a.htm
18th Century
1716 Pope Clement XI extends Feast of Holy Rosary to the Catholic world in thanksgiving for triumph of Charles VI over Islamic invasion of Hungary
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm
All About Mary: October, Month of the Rosary
1716 Alexander de Rouville publishes The Imitation of Mary, patterned after The Imitation of Christ
1724 Pope Benedict XIV approves the unified praying of the Angelus and prescribes that during the Easter season the Angelus be replaced by the Regina Caeli
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02432a.htm
1726 The liturgical celebration of “Our Lady of Mount Carmel” is extended to the entire Latin Church
All About Mary: Our Lady of Mount Carmel Scapular
1726 Permission from the Pope for public devotion to Mary’s Heart again refused
1727 Benedict XIII decrees Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows for Latin Church
1729 Apparition at Montagnaga/Italy
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/montagnaga/index.html
1750 Alphonsus Maria de Liguori writes The Glories of Mary
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm
1754 Proclamation of Our Lady of Guadalupe as patroness of Mexico
All About Mary: Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe
1799 Devotion to Mary’s Heart permitted by the pope
19th Century
ca. 1800 Beginning of Marian shrine at Lichen, Poland
All About Mary: Our Lady of Lichen
1813 Icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa brought to St. Petersburg for veneration by Tsar Alexander I and a copy is later left in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan
1817 Founding of the Marianists by Fr. William Joseph Chaminade
http://www.marianist.org/site.php?menuaccess=22
1819 Institution of the Feast Mary, Help of Christians
All About Mary: Help of Christians
1830 Apparition to Catherine Labouré in Paris, France
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/ruedubac/index.html
1842 Discovery of Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort’s book True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09384a.htm https://www.ewtn.com/library/Montfort/TRUEDEVO.HTM
1842 Apparition in Rome/Italy
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/rome1842/index.html
1846 Apparition at La Salette, France
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/lasalette/index.html
1846 Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of her Immaculate Conception, is declared Patroness of the United States
1849 Pope Pius IX’s Encyclical Ubi Primum, emphasizing Mary’s Immaculate Conception
https://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/P9UBIPR2.HTM
1851 Pope Pius IX, in the Encyclical Exultavit cor Nostrum, refers to Mary as our most loving Mother and our greatest source of confidence.
https://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/P9EXULTA.HTM
1854 Proclamation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary by Pope Pius IX in the Apostolic Constitution Ineffabilis Deus
http://www.ewtn.com/faith/teachings/marye1.htm
1858 Apparition at Lourdes, France
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/lourdes/index.html
1859 Apparition at Robinsonville, Wisconsin/United States
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/robinsonville/index.html
1864 Pope Pius IX, in the Encyclical Quanta Cura, refers to Mary as Mother and Queen.
https://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/P9QUANTA.HTM
1865 Icon of Our Mother of Perpetual Help returned to Esquiline Hill in Rome by the Redemptorists
All About Mary: Our Lady of Perpetual Help
1866 Blessing of the Crypt and the first Mass at the Grotto of Massabielle, Lourdes
1866 Apparition at Flippsdorf/Czech Republic
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/filippsdorf/index.html
1871 Apparition at Pontmain, France
http://www.marypages.com/PontmainEng1.html
1877 Construction of shrine to Our Lady of the Assumption at Cold Spring, Minnesota
1879 Apparition at Knock, Ireland
http://www.marypages.com/Knock1.htm
1879 Beginnings of Canada’s Shrine of Our Lady of the Cape in Quebec
All About Mary: Our Lady of the Cape
1883-1902 Pope Leo XIII: eleven Marian encyclicals, advocating devotion to Mary and praying the Rosary (Octobri Mense)
All About Mary: Popes on the Rosary (see Leo XIII)
1883 Adding of the invocation Queen of the Most Holy Rosary to the Litany of Loreto
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1884 Origin of “54-day Rosary Novena”
All About Mary: Lacey's Rosary Novena
1888 Apparition at Castelpetroso/Italy
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/bishop.html
1899 Consecration of the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus by Pope Leo XIII
20th Century
1900 Proclamation of Our Lady of Guadalupe as Patroness of the Americas
All About Mary: Nican Mopohua
1900 Consecration of the twentieth century to the Holy Spirit by Pope Leo XIII
1900 1st International Marian Congress celebrated in Lyon, France.
1902 2nd International Marian Congress celebrated in Fribourg, Switzerland.
1904 Encyclical Ad Diem Illum by Pope Pius X (on the fiftieth anniversary of the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception)
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_x/...
1904 3rd International Marian Congress celebrated in Rome.
1906 4th International Marian Congress celebrated in Einsiedeln, Switzerland.
1907 Institution of the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes
All About Mary: Liturgical History of Marian Feasts
1908 5th International Marian Congress celebrated in Salzburg, Austria.
1910 6th International Marian Congress celebrated in Zaragoza, Spain.
1912 Pope Pius X authorizes plenary indulgence on the first Saturday of each month
1912 7th International Marian Congress celebrated in Trier, Germany.
1913 Congregation of the Holy Office, in the decree Sunt quos amor, praises the custom of calling Mary “Co-Redemptrix”
1914 Construction begins on the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.
http://www.nationalshrine.com/site/c.osJRKVPBJnH/b.4719297/k.BF65/Home.htm
1914 Beginning of the Schoenstatt movement by Father Joseph Kentenich in Germany
http://www.schoenstatt.org/en/
1917 Apparition at Fatima, Portugal
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/fatima/index.html
1917 Founding of the Militia Immaculata by Father Maximilian Maria Kolbe
http://www.militia-immaculatae.info/pages/en/home.php?lang=EN
1917 Pope Benedict XV adds the invocation “Queen of Peace, pray for us” to the Litany of Loreto
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1918 Adding of the invocation Queen of Peace to the Litany of the Blessed Virgin
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1918 Pope Benedict XV, in the apostolic letter Inter Sodalicia, sets forth the role of Mary in Christ’s redeeming sacrifice
1920 “Miracle of the Vistula” in Poland, where the Polish people rout invading Russian forces after invoking prayers to Our Lady of Czestochowa
All About Mary: Czestochowa Black Madonna
1921 Founding of The Legion of Mary in Dublin, Ireland
http://www.legionofmary.ie/
1923 In the apostolic letter Explorata Res, Pope Pius XI affirms Mary’s role in the Redemption brought by Christ
1925 Canonization of St. Thérèse de Lisieux, whose spirituality was significantly influenced by the Blessed Virgin Mary
All About Mary: Saint Thérèse de Lisieux, Marian Devotion
1925 Appearance of Our Lady of Fatima to Sister Lucia in Pontevedra, Spain, asking her to promulgate the five First Saturday devotion
All About Mary: Saturday Devotions (see First Saturday Communion of Reparation)
1927 Holy See authorizes a special votive Mass for Our Lady of Fatima
1927 Coronation of the Icon of the Holy Mother of Mercy in Vilnius, Lithuania
1929 Appearance of Our Lady to Sister Lucia at Tui, Spain, where she asked for the Consecration of Russia to her Immaculate Heart
1930 Bishop of Fatima declares Fatima apparitions worthy of acceptance and of supernatural origin
1931 Institution of the Feast of the Divine Motherhood of
Mary All About Mary: Christmas and the Solemnity of Mary's Divine Motherhood
1932-1933 Apparitions at Beauraing, Belgium
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/beauraing/index.html
1933 Apparition at Banneux, Belgium
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/banneaux/index.html
1933-1934 Pope Pius XI speaks of Mary’s contribution to Christ’s redemptive work and portrays her as associated with this work
1942 Pope Pius XII dedicates the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_Consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/fatima/index.html
1943 Founding of Marian Library at the University of Dayton, OH
Marian Library/IMRI History
1944 Institution of the Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
All About Mary: Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1945 Apparition at Amsterdam/Netherlands
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/amsterdam/index.html
1946 Pope Pius XII crowns image of Our Lady of Fatima and proclaims her “Queen of the World”
1946 Pope Pius XII recognizes the universal significance of the message of Fatima
1946 Encyclical Deiparae Virginis Mariae (on the possibility of defining the Assumption) by Pope Pius XII
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_01051946_deiparae-virginis-mariae_en.html
1946 In Poland, 700,000 pilgrims gather at the shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa to consecrate Poland to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1947 Canonization of St. Louis de Montfort by Pope Pius XII
1947 Establishment of the Academia Mariana Internationalis in Rome.
All About Mary: Pontifical International Marian Academy
1949 Pope Pius XII proclaimed a Holy Year from December 24, 1949 to December 24, 1950
1949 Founding of the Mariological Society of America by Father Juniper Carol.
http://www.mariologicalsociety.com/
1950 Proclamation of the Dogma of Mary's Assumption by Pope Pius XII in the Apostolic Constituion Munificentissimus Deus
All About Mary: Assumption Dogma
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19501101_munificentissimus-deus_en.html
1950 Adding of the invocation Mary, Queen assumed into heaven to the Litany of Loreto
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1950 1st International Mariological and 8th Marian Congress celebrated in Rome; theme: Alma Socia Christi.
1950 Founding of the Marianum Theological Faculty in Rome by Father Gabriel Roschini http://marianum.it/
1951 Encyclical Ingruentium Malorum on the spiritual power of the Rosary by Pope Pius XII
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_15091951_ingruentium-malorum_en.html
1952 Pope Pius XII, in his apostolic letter Sacro Vergente Anno, expressly entrusts and consecrates “in a very special way to the Immaculate Heart of Mary all the peoples of Russia”
1953 Encyclical Fulgens Corona by Pope Pius XII with the proclamation of a Marian Year in commemoration of the centenary of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091953_fulgens-corona_en.html
All About Mary: Marian Years
1953 Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski composes the Jasna Gora vows, re-consecrating Poland to Mary
1953 Weeping Madonna at Syracuse/Italy
http://www.catholictradition.org/Mary/syracuse.htm
1954 Encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam by Pope Pius XII with the proclamation of Mary’s Queenship and its institution as a Feast
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_11101954_ad-caeli-reginam_en.html
All About Mary: Memorial of Mary's Queenship
1954 2nd International Mariological and 9th Marian Congress celebrated in Rome; theme: Virgo Immaculata.
1956 “Polish Marian Year” declared in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of King Jan Kazimierz’s proclamation of Mary as Queen of Poland
1956 Vatican officially approves adding to the public recitation of the Rosary the Fatima prayer given by Our Lady “O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell, lead all souls to heaven especially those who have most need of your mercy”
1957 Pope Pius XII, in the encyclical Le Pèlerinage de Lourdes, commemorates the centenary of Mary’s appearances at Lourdes
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_02071957_le-pelerinage-de-lourdes_en.html
1958 3rd International Mariological and 10th Marian Congress celebrated in Lourdes; theme: Maria et Ecclesia.
1959 In the encyclical Grata Recordatio, Pope John XXIII calls Mary “the cause of salvation for the whole human race”
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_26091959_grata-recordatio_en.html
1959 Dedication of the main church and superstructure of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.
http://www.nationalshrine.com/site/c.osJRKVPBJnH/b.4719297/k.BF65/Home.htm
1959 Pope John XXIII grants the title Pontifical to the Academia Mariana Internationalis
All About Mary: Pontifical International Marian Academy
1960 Revelation of the third secret of Fatima to Pope John XXIII
1962 Institution of the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, in honor of Our Lady of Fatima, by Pope John XXIII
1964 Promulgation of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium by Pope Paul VI at the Second Vatican Council: Chapter Eight of the Constitution gives the first Conciliar synthesis of the Church’s teaching on Mary’s place in the mystery of Christ and the Church.
http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html
1964 Proclamation of Mary as Mater Ecclesiae by Pope Paul VI
All About Mary: Mother of the Church
1965 Encyclical Mense Maio issued by Pope Paul VI, urging prayer during Mary’s month of May. (summary here)
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_29041965_mense-maio_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Mense Maio (Summary)
1965 4th International Mariological and 11th Marian Congress celebrated in St. Domingo; theme: Maria in S. Scriptura.
1966 Encyclical Christi Matri by Pope Paul VI, in which he appeals for peace through the intercession of Mary, Mother of the Church and Queen of Peace.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_15091966_christi-matri_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Christi Matri (Summary)
1967 Apostolic Exhortation Signum Magnum by Pope Paul VI, commemorating the 50th anniversary of Mary's apparition at Fatima. (summary here)
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19670513_signum-magnum_en.html
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/fatima/index.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Signum Magnum
1967 5th International Mariological and 12th Marian Congress celebrated in Lisbon; theme: De Primordiis Cultus Mariani (Mariologia Patristica).
1967 Pope Paul VI, in the Encyclical Sacerdotalis Caelibatus, refers to Mary as the Mother and Model of the Church and asks her to intercede for vocations to the priesthood.
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_24061967_sacerdotalis_en.html
1968 Apparition at Zeitun/Egypt
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/zeitun/index.html
1969 Publication of the revised Roman Missal, which is indicative of the implementation of the Conciliar teaching of Mary's role in the mystery of Christ and the Church and the elimination of certain minor Marian feasts
1969 In the Apostolic Exhortation Recurrens Mensis October, Pope Paul VI encourages the praying of the Rosary for peace.
(summary here) All About Mary: Rosary for Peace
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Recurrens Mensis October
1970 Publication of the revised Liturgy of the Hours, also indicative of a revised Marian approach regarding Marian readings, antiphons and hymns.
1971 6th International Mariological and 13th Marian Congress celebrated in Zagrabia; theme: De cultu mariano saeculis VI-XI.
http://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/liturgical-resources/liturgy-of-the-hours/
1973 Publication of the U.S. Bishops' Pastoral Letter Behold Your Mother (complete document); or this summary http://books.google.com/books?id=GDgTqmbh...
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Behold Your Mother: Woman of Faith
1973 Apparition at Akita/Japan
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/akita/index.html
1974 Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus: For the right ordering and development of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Marialis Cultus
1975 Revised Roman Missal (2nd edition) includes Votive Masses of “Mary, Mother of the Church” and “Holy Name of Mary”
1975 7th International Mariological and 14th Marian Congress celebrated in Rome; theme: De cultu mariano saeculis XII-XV.
1975 In the Apostolic Exhortation Gaudete in Domino, Pope Paul VI presents Mary as an example of Christian Joy.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19750509_gaudete-in-domino_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Guadete in Domino
1976 Polish bishops themselves consecrate all nations and peoples to the Mother of God
1976 Apparation at Batania/Venezuela
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/betania/index.html
1978 Vatican’s Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith lifts prohibitions imposed in 1959 on the Mercy of God devotions advocated by Sister Faustina Kowalska
1979 Pope John Paul II, in his visit to Our Lady’s Shrine of Guadalupe in Mexico City, describes the faith of Mary as a model for all Christians and calls her the “star of evangelization”
1979 Image of Guadalupe examined by scientists and it is determined that the original image of Mary could not be explained as a human work
1979 Shrine of Our Lady of Knock in Ireland visited by Pope John Paul II and elevated to status of Basilica
1979 8th International Mariological and 15th Marian Congress celebrated in Saragoza; theme: De cultu mariano saeculis XVI.
1980 Adding of the invocation Mother of the Church to the Litany of Loreto
All About Mary: Litany of Loreto in Context
1980 Apparition at Cuapa/Nicaragua
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/cuapa/index.html
1981 The Church promulgates The Rite for Crowning an Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1981-1989 Apparitions at Kibeho/Rwanda
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/kibeho_rwanda/index.html
1982 Apparition at Edfu/Egypt
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/edfu/index.html
1983 Apparition at San Nicholas/Argentina
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/sannicolas/index.html
1983 9th International Mariological and 16th Marian Congress celebrated in Malta; theme: De cultu mariano saeculis XVII-XVIII.
1985 Consecration of the people and President of the United States to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1986-1991 Apparition at Papadouplo, Shoubra, Cairo/Egypt
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/shoubra/index.html
1987 Proclamation of a Marian Year (June 7, 1987-August 15, 1988).
All About Mary: Marian Years
1987 Encyclical Letter Redemptoris Mater by Pope John Paul II.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Redemptoris Mater
1987 Publication of the Latin Edition of the Collection of Marian Masses
All About Mary: Liturgical History of Marian Feasts
1987 10th International Mariological and 17th Marian Congress celebrated in Kevelaer; theme: De cultu mariano saeculis XIX-XX.
1988 Publication of the Letter from the Congregation for Catholic Education: The Virgin Mary in Intellectual and Spiritual Formation
All About Mary: The Virgin Mary in Intellectual and Spiritual Formation
1988 John Paul II, in the Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitate,. presents the Blessed Virgin Mary as model for women.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_15081988_mulieris-dignitatem_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Mulieris Dignitatum
1988 Memorial of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the United States raised to status of Feast
1992 Publication of the complete English edition of the Collection of Masses of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All About Mary: Liturgical History of Marian Feasts
1992 11th International Mariological and 18th Marian Congress celebrated in Huelva; theme: De cultu mariano saeculo XX. Post Concilium Vaticanum II [Marian doctrine, devotion and cult from Vatican Council II up to our day].
1993 Pope John Paul II, in the encyclical Veritatis Splendor, presents Mary as the Mother of Mercy.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_06081993_veritatis-splendor_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Veritatis Splendor
1994 Publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catechism show the intergral role of Mary in the mystery of Christ and the Church
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM
1994 Apparition at Itapirang/Brazil
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/itapiranga/index.html
1995 Adding of the invocation Mary, Queen of Families to the Marian Litany
All About Mary: Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1995 John Paul II, in the encyclical Evangelium Vitae portrays Mary as the bearer and defender of life.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031995_evangelium-vitae_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Evangelium Vitae
1996 12th International Mariological and 19th Marian Congress celebrated in Czestochowa; theme: Maria, Mater Domini in mysterio salutis, quod ab Orientis et Occidentis Ecclesiis in Spiritu Sancto hodie celebratur [Mary, Mother of the Lord, in the mystery of salvation as celebrated in the Eastern and Western Churches].
1998 Bull of Indiction of the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 The Mystery of the Incarnation by Pope John Paul II: Mary, the Mother of the Church, intercedes for the Christian people during the time of preparation for the great jubilee year
http://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/docs/documents/hf_jp-ii_doc_30111998_bolla-jubilee_en.html
21st Century
2000 The Holy Year of Christ’s Birth.
2000 13th International Mariological and 20th Marian Congress celebrated in Rome; theme: Maria e il mistero della Santa Trinità (Mary and the Mystery of the Holy Trinity).
2000 Consecration of the World to Mary by Pope John Paul II and the College of Bishops
2000 Consecration of the Third Millenium of Christianity to the Immaculate Heart of Mary by Pope John Paul II
2000 The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith releases The Message of Fatima, which reveals and interprets the Third Secret of Fatima.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000626_message-fatima_en.html
2000-2001 Apparition at Assuit/Egypt
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/assiut/index.html
2001 John Paul II, in the Apostolic Leter Novo Millennio Inuente at the close of the Great Jubilee of the year 2000, presents the Blessed Virgin Mary as "Star of the New Evangelization."
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20010106_novo-millennio-ineunte_en.html
October 2002-October 2003 The Year of the Rosary
Apostolic Letter of John Paul II Rosarium Virginis Mariae [On the Most Holy Rosary] (10/2/2002)--The Mysteries of Light.
(summary here) http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae_en.html
All About Mary: Magisterial Documents: Rosarium Virginis Mariae
2003 Encyclical of John Paul II Ecclesia de Eucharistia with chapter VI, "At the School of Mary, 'Woman of the Eucharist'"
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/special_features/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_20030417_ecclesia_eucharistia_en.html
2004 Twenty-first International Mariological-Marian Congress in Rome; theme: Mary of Nazareth welcomes the Son of God in History
2005 Letter to Priests for Holy Thursday from John Paul II mentions " 'Eucharistic' life at the school of Mary"
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/2005/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20050313_priests-holy-thursday_en.html
2005 Benedict XVI, in the Encyclical Deus Caritas Est [God is Love]--presents Mary as teacher of true love
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html
2008 One-hundredth anniversary of Lourdes
2008 Twenty-second International Mariological-Marian Congress in Lourdes; theme: The Virgin Mary's apparitions. Among History, Faith and theology
2008 15th International Mariological and 22nd Marian Congress celebrated in Lourdes; theme: The apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary – between history, faith and theology
2009 Apparition at Warraq, El-Hadar/Egypt
http://www.miraclehunter.com/marian_apparitions/approved_apparitions/warraq/index.html
2012 16th International Mariological and 23rd Marian Congress celebrated in Rome; theme: Mariology since Vatican II. Reception, Assessment, and Prospects
2013 Pope Francis, in the Apostolic Exhortation Gaudium Evangelii, presents Mary as the Mother of Evangelization.
http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html
Catholic Book Publishing Co., Dictionary of Mary “Behold your Mother,” revised and expanded edition (New Jersey: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1997);
Catholic Encyclopedi. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/
Fiores de S., Meo, S., eds., Nuevo Diccionario de Mariología (Madrid: Ediciones Paulinas, 1988);
Gambero, Luigi. Mary and the Fathers of the Church: The Blessed Virgin Mary in Patristic Thought. Trans. Thomas Buffer. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1999.
Gambero, Luigi. Mary in the Middle Ages: The Blessed Virgin Mary in the Thought of Medieval Latin Theologians Trans. Thomas Buffer. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005.
Graef, Hilda. Mary : A History of Doctrine and Devotion; with a new chapter covering Vatican II and beyond by Thomas A. Thompson. Notre Dame, Indiana: Christian classics, 2009.
Martin, John. Roses, Fountains and Gold. The Virgin Mary in History, Art and Apparition. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1998.
Pannet, R., Bavaud, G., Margerie de, B., Dictionnaire Marial (Chambray-lès-Tours: C.L.D., 1991);
Stöhr, J., “Mariologie,” in R. Bäumer, L. Scheffczyk, eds., Marienlexikon 6 Vols. (St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1992), Vol. 4, 320-326;
Warner, M., Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976).